Rectal hemorrhage

Rectal hemorrhage is a medical condition characterized by bleeding from the rectum. It is a symptom of various diseases and conditions, including hemorrhoids, anal fissures, and colorectal cancer.

Causes

Rectal hemorrhage can be caused by a variety of conditions. The most common causes include:

• Hemorrhoids: Swollen blood vessels in the rectum or anus that can cause bleeding during bowel movements.
• Anal fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus, often caused by hard stools or constipation, which can lead to bleeding.
• Colorectal cancer: A type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. Rectal bleeding can be an early sign of this disease.
• Diverticular disease: A condition where small pouches, called diverticula, develop in the digestive tract and can bleed.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding: This can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, and can result in rectal bleeding.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of rectal hemorrhage is the presence of bright red or maroon-colored blood in the stool, on toilet paper, or in the toilet bowl after a bowel movement. Other symptoms can include:

• Changes in bowel movements, such as diarrhea or constipation
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue or weakness

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of rectal hemorrhage typically involves a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history. Additional tests may include:

• Colonoscopy: A procedure that allows a doctor to view the entire length of the colon and rectum.
• Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure that allows a doctor to view the lower part of the colon.
• Fecal occult blood test: A test that checks for hidden (occult) blood in the stool.

Treatment

Treatment for rectal hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

• Over-the-counter or prescription medications to treat hemorrhoids or anal fissures.
• Surgery to remove polyps, diverticula, or cancerous tumors.
• Lifestyle changes, such as increasing fiber intake or drinking more water, to prevent constipation and straining during bowel movements.

See also

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Hemorrhoids
• Anal fissures
• Colorectal cancer
• Diverticular disease