Relaxin receptor

Relaxin receptor is a type of G protein-coupled receptor that binds the hormone relaxin. There are two known types of relaxin receptors, RXFP1 and RXFP2, which are encoded by the genes RXFP1 and RXFP2 respectively.

Function

Relaxin receptors are involved in a variety of physiological processes. They play a crucial role in reproductive physiology, particularly in the preparation of the uterus for childbirth. Relaxin receptors also have roles in other systems of the body, including the cardiovascular system, where they contribute to the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate.

Structure

Like all G protein-coupled receptors, relaxin receptors have seven transmembrane domains. The N-terminus of the receptor is located on the outside of the cell, while the C-terminus is located on the inside. The binding site for relaxin is located in the extracellular loops of the receptor.

RXFP1

RXFP1 is the primary receptor for relaxin. It is expressed in a variety of tissues, including the uterus, heart, and kidneys. Activation of RXFP1 by relaxin leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase, which increases the levels of cyclic AMP in the cell.

RXFP2

RXFP2 is the primary receptor for the related hormone insulin-like peptide 3. It is expressed in the testes and ovaries, where it plays a role in the regulation of reproductive function. Activation of RXFP2 leads to the activation of phospholipase C, which increases the levels of inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in the cell.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the genes encoding relaxin receptors can lead to a variety of disorders. For example, mutations in RXFP2 have been associated with cryptorchidism, a condition in which one or both of the testes fail to descend.

Relaxin receptors are also potential targets for drug development. For example, drugs that activate relaxin receptors could potentially be used to treat conditions such as preterm labor and heart failure.

See also

• Relaxin
• G protein-coupled receptor
• RXFP1
• RXFP2

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