Repetitive strain injuries

Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is a condition resulting from prolonged repetitive, forceful, or awkward hand movements that cause damage to the muscles, tendons, and nerves in the arms and upper back. It is increasingly common in today's computer-intensive work environments, affecting individuals who perform repetitive tasks such as typing, clicking a mouse, or working on assembly lines. RSI is also known by other names, including cumulative trauma disorder (CTD), occupational overuse syndrome, and work-related upper limb disorder.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of RSI is the overuse of a particular group of muscles or tendons, leading to strain and, over time, potentially causing injury. Factors that may increase the risk of developing RSI include:

• Poor ergonomics at the workstation
• High-intensity or repetitive tasks without adequate breaks
• Poor posture or a non-ergonomic work setup
• Previous injuries to the area
• Stress, which can exacerbate tension and muscle tightness

Symptoms

Symptoms of RSI can vary but often include:

• Pain, aching, or tenderness in the muscles or joints
• Throbbing, tingling, or numbness in the hands or arms
• Weakness or loss of strength in the affected area
• Loss of coordination in the hands
• Symptoms typically worsen with continued activity and may improve with rest.

Prevention and Management

Preventing RSI involves a combination of proper workplace ergonomics, regular breaks to reduce strain, and exercises to strengthen the muscles. Management of RSI may include:

• Taking frequent short breaks from repetitive tasks
• Using ergonomic equipment, such as keyboard trays, ergonomic keyboards, and chairs that support proper posture
• Stretching and strengthening exercises
• Applying ice or heat to reduce pain and inflammation
• In severe cases, medical treatment such as physical therapy, medications, or surgery may be necessary.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of RSI is primarily based on the patient's history and a physical examination. Doctors may also use tests such as X-rays, MRI, or nerve conduction studies to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for RSI focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and restoring function. This may include:

• Rest and activity modification
• Physical therapy exercises
• Ergonomic adjustments
• Medications such as anti-inflammatories or pain relievers
• In some cases, surgery may be required to relieve pressure on nerves or repair damaged tissues.

Prognosis

With early diagnosis and proper treatment, many individuals with RSI can fully recover. However, if left untreated, RSI can lead to permanent damage and disability.

See Also

• Ergonomics
• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Tendonitis
• Occupational Health