Reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) are a class of antiviral drugs that are commonly used to treat HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B. They work by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that is crucial for the replication of these viruses.

Mechanism of action

RTIs inhibit the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that is used by retroviruses such as HIV to replicate their genetic material. By blocking this enzyme, RTIs prevent the virus from multiplying, which can slow the progression of the disease.

There are two main types of RTIs: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). NRTIs are analogues of the building blocks of DNA and RNA. When incorporated into the viral DNA during replication, they cause premature termination of the DNA chain. NNRTIs, on the other hand, bind directly to the reverse transcriptase enzyme and inhibit its activity.

Uses

RTIs are primarily used in the treatment of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B. They are often used in combination with other antiviral drugs in a regimen known as antiretroviral therapy (ART). This combination therapy is more effective at suppressing the virus and slowing the progression of the disease than using a single drug alone.

Side effects

Like all drugs, RTIs can have side effects. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fatigue. Some RTIs can also cause more serious side effects, such as liver damage or a severe skin rash. Patients taking RTIs should be closely monitored for these and other potential side effects.

See also

• Antiretroviral drug
• HIV/AIDS
• Hepatitis B

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