Ring-necked parakeet

Ring-necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), also known as the Rose-ringed Parakeet, is a medium-sized parrot that has established itself as a prominent invasive species in many parts of the world. Originating from Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, these birds are easily recognizable by their bright green plumage, long tail feathers, and the distinctive black and pink collar in males, which gives them their name. This article provides an overview of the Ring-necked Parakeet, including its habitat, behavior, and status as an invasive species.

Description

The Ring-necked Parakeet measures approximately 40 cm in length, including the tail feathers, with a wingspan of 20-24 cm. Males are easily distinguishable by a black and pink ring around their neck, which is absent in females and juveniles. Both sexes have a bright green plumage, but the female's color may be slightly paler.

Habitat and Distribution

Originally, the Ring-necked Parakeet inhabited a wide range of environments in Africa and the Indian Subcontinent, from arid areas to dense forests and urban areas. However, due to their adaptability and the pet trade, they have been introduced to many other regions and have established feral populations in Europe, the Middle East, and North America.

In their native range, these parakeets prefer woodland, savannahs, and areas near human habitation where food sources are abundant. In their introduced range, they have shown remarkable adaptability, thriving in urban parks and gardens as well as rural areas.

Behavior

Ring-necked Parakeets are social birds, often seen in flocks. They are known for their loud calls and distinctive flying pattern. These birds are highly adaptable and can feed on a variety of fruits, seeds, and even human-provided foods.

Breeding season varies depending on their location, but these parakeets generally nest in tree cavities where they lay up to 4-6 eggs. The female incubates the eggs for around 20 days, and the chicks are dependent on their parents for several weeks after hatching.

Invasive Species

The adaptability and generalist diet of the Ring-necked Parakeet have allowed it to become a successful invasive species in many of its introduced ranges. In some areas, they are considered pests due to their potential to damage crops and compete with native bird species for nesting sites. Their loud calls can also be a nuisance in urban areas.

Efforts to manage their populations include habitat management, nest removal, and, in some cases, culling. However, these measures have had limited success, and the Ring-necked Parakeet continues to expand its range in many parts of the world.

Conservation Status

Globally, the Ring-necked Parakeet is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), due to its wide distribution and large population size. However, the impact of its invasive populations on native ecosystems and species is an ongoing concern for conservationists.