Ring cairn

Ring Cairn

A ring cairn is a prehistoric archaeological feature consisting of a circular arrangement of stones, typically found in the British Isles. These structures are often associated with the Bronze Age, although some may date to earlier or later periods. Ring cairns are distinct from other types of cairns, such as burial cairns or clearance cairns, due to their unique construction and potential ceremonial purposes.

Description

Ring cairns are characterized by a circular or oval arrangement of stones, which may be set on edge or laid flat. The diameter of these structures can vary significantly, ranging from a few meters to over 20 meters. Unlike burial cairns, ring cairns do not typically contain a central mound or chamber. Instead, they may enclose a flat area, sometimes with a central stone or small cairn.

The stones used in ring cairns are often local and unworked, although some examples may include more carefully selected or shaped stones. The height of the stone ring can also vary, with some being only a few centimeters high, while others may reach over a meter.

Function and Significance

The exact function of ring cairns is not definitively known, but they are generally thought to have served ceremonial or ritual purposes. Some archaeologists suggest that they may have been used for gatherings, rituals, or as markers of territorial boundaries. The lack of burial remains in most ring cairns distinguishes them from other funerary monuments of the same period.

In some cases, ring cairns are found in association with other prehistoric features, such as stone circles, standing stones, or henges, suggesting a complex ritual landscape. The alignment of ring cairns with celestial events, such as solstices or equinoxes, has also been proposed, although this is not universally accepted.

Distribution

Ring cairns are predominantly found in the British Isles, with notable concentrations in Scotland, Ireland, and parts of England and Wales. They are often located in upland areas, on moorlands, or near other prehistoric sites. The distribution of ring cairns may reflect ancient cultural or tribal boundaries, as well as the availability of suitable stone material.

Archaeological Investigations

Archaeological investigations of ring cairns typically involve careful excavation and recording of the stone arrangements. Radiocarbon dating of organic material found within or beneath the cairn can provide estimates of the construction date. Excavations may also reveal artifacts, such as pottery or tools, which can offer insights into the activities that took place at these sites.

Conservation

Many ring cairns are protected as scheduled monuments due to their historical and cultural significance. Conservation efforts focus on preserving the integrity of the stone arrangements and preventing damage from natural erosion or human activity. Public access to some sites may be restricted to ensure their preservation.

Also see

• Stone circle
• Standing stone
• Henge
• Cairn
• Bronze Age