Rodents

Rodents are a group of mammals characterized by two continuously growing incisors in the upper and lower jaws which must be kept short by gnawing. This large order, Rodentia, is further divided into suborders, families, and genera.

Characteristics

Rodents are characterized by their sharp incisors which grow continuously throughout their lives. These incisors are used for gnawing food, excavating burrows, and defending against predators. Their teeth are kept sharp by gnawing on hard substances such as wood and stone.

Classification

The order Rodentia is divided into two suborders, Myomorpha and Hystricomorpha. Myomorpha includes mice, rats, and their relatives, while Hystricomorpha includes porcupines, capybaras, and their relatives. Each suborder is further divided into families and genera.

Distribution and Habitat

Rodents are found in diverse habitats all over the world. They can be found in forests, grasslands, deserts, and even in urban areas. Some species, such as the Norway rat and the house mouse, are particularly well-adapted to living in close proximity to humans.

Diet

Most rodents are herbivores, feeding on a wide variety of plant material, including seeds, nuts, fruits, and leaves. Some species, such as the brown rat, are omnivores, eating both plant and animal material.

Impact on Humans

Rodents have a significant impact on human societies. They can be pests, damaging crops and stored food, and spreading diseases. However, they also play important roles in ecosystems, dispersing seeds and serving as prey for many predators.

Conservation

Many species of rodents are threatened by habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Conservation efforts for rodents include habitat protection, captive breeding programs, and reintroduction programs.