Root cause analysis

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a method of problem solving used for identifying the root causes of faults or problems. A factor is considered a root cause if removal thereof from the problem-fault-sequence prevents the final undesirable event from recurring; whereas a causal factor is one that affects an event's outcome, but is not a root cause. Though removing a causal factor can benefit an outcome, it does not prevent its recurrence with certainty.

Definition

Root cause analysis is a class of problem solving methods aimed at identifying the root causes of problems or events. The practice of RCA is predicated on the belief that problems are best solved by attempting to correct or eliminate root causes, as opposed to merely addressing the immediately obvious symptoms. By directing corrective measures at root causes, it is more probable that problem recurrence will be prevented.

Methodology

The process for conducting RCA is usually iterative and is typically used when it is necessary to identify the root cause of a problem or condition. The process involves data collection, causal factor charting, root cause identification, recommendation generation and implementation.

Techniques

There are several RCA techniques available, including 5 Whys, Fishbone Diagram, Pareto Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Each technique has its own specific use and it is not uncommon to use more than one technique in the analysis process.

Applications

RCA is widely used in many fields, including Computer Science, Engineering, Healthcare, Aviation, Education, and Environmental Science. In each of these fields, RCA is used to identify the root cause of problems and to develop solutions that prevent recurrence.

See also

• Problem solving
• Systems analysis
• Quality management
• Risk management