Rouge (cosmetics)

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Make-up box MAN Paestum T.4-1990

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Rouge is a cosmetic used primarily to give the cheeks a reddish tint and to emphasize the cheekbones. Historically known as blush or blusher, rouge is one of the oldest forms of makeup used by humans, with its use dating back to ancient Egypt. It is typically applied to the apples of the cheeks to impart a healthy, youthful glow and to enhance the structure of the face.

History

The use of rouge as a cosmetic can be traced back to ancient civilizations. In Ancient Egypt, both men and women applied rouge to their cheeks and lips for aesthetic purposes, often as a symbol of status. The Greeks and Romans also used rouge, with materials ranging from crushed mulberries to red beet juice. During the Middle Ages in Europe, pale skin was favored, and the use of rouge declined as it was associated with a lower class or immoral behavior. However, by the Renaissance, rouge regained popularity among the upper class as a sign of wealth and sophistication.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, rouge became widely popular in Europe, with both men and women wearing it. However, the ingredients used, such as lead and mercury, were toxic. It wasn't until the 20th century that safer, synthetic ingredients were developed for cosmetics, leading to the modern formulations of rouge.

Types of Rouge

Rouge comes in various forms, including powder, cream, gel, and liquid. Each type has its own method of application and provides a different finish on the skin.

• Powder Rouge: The most traditional form, applied with a brush, and suitable for oily skin types.
• Cream Rouge: Provides a dewy finish and is best for dry or mature skin.
• Gel Rouge: Offers a sheer, natural look and is suitable for all skin types.
• Liquid Rouge: Highly pigmented and provides a long-lasting flush.

Application

The application of rouge varies depending on the form and desired effect. Generally, it is applied to the apples of the cheeks and blended upwards towards the temples to create a natural-looking flush. Tools for application can include brushes, sponges, or fingertips.

Cultural Significance

Rouge has not only been a beauty product but also a cultural symbol throughout history. Its acceptance and usage have varied greatly across different time periods and cultures, often reflecting societal attitudes towards beauty and gender roles.

Modern Usage

Today, rouge is an essential part of many people's makeup routines, available in a wide range of shades to suit different skin tones. It is used not only for aesthetic purposes but also in professional settings such as theater and film to enhance facial features under harsh lighting.

See Also

• Makeup
• Cosmetic industry
• History of cosmetics

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