Rtveli

Vendanges en Kakhetie (B)

Rtveli (Georgian: რთველი) is the traditional grape harvest and winemaking festival in Georgia, a country with one of the oldest winemaking histories in the world. The event takes place in late September to early October, a period that marks the end of the agricultural cycle for the grapevines. Rtveli is not only significant for the production of wine but also serves as a cultural festival that brings communities together, celebrating Georgian heritage, cuisine, and traditional music and dances.

History

The tradition of Rtveli dates back over 8,000 years, with archaeological evidence suggesting that the region of Georgia is one of the earliest sites of wine production in the world. The festival is deeply rooted in the country's agricultural and social traditions, reflecting the importance of viticulture and winemaking in Georgian culture.

Cultural Significance

Rtveli is more than just the act of grape harvesting; it is a celebration of Georgian culture and communal spirit. Families, friends, and even entire villages come together to participate in the harvest, which is followed by feasting, singing, and dancing. It is a time when the younger generation learns from the elders, not only about the techniques of viticulture and winemaking but also about Georgian traditions and values.

Winemaking Process

During Rtveli, grapes are harvested by hand to ensure the best quality. The harvested grapes are then pressed, and the juice is fermented in large clay vessels called qvevri, which are buried underground. This traditional method of winemaking is what distinguishes Georgian wines and has been recognized by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

Geographical Variations

While Rtveli is celebrated across Georgia, the practices and traditions can vary significantly from one region to another. Each region has its own unique grape varieties, winemaking techniques, and rituals associated with the festival. The most notable wine-producing regions in Georgia include Kakheti, Imereti, Racha-Lechkhumi, and Kvemo Svaneti.

Modern Celebrations

Today, Rtveli not only attracts locals but also tourists from around the world who are interested in experiencing Georgian culture and winemaking traditions firsthand. Many wineries and vineyards offer special tours and tastings during this period, providing an insight into the ancient practices of Georgian winemaking.

Challenges

Despite its cultural significance, Rtveli faces challenges such as climate change, which affects the timing and yield of the harvest, and modernization, which threatens to replace traditional practices with industrial methods. However, efforts are being made to preserve the tradition, including the promotion of sustainable viticulture and the revival of ancient winemaking techniques.