Russian expansion

Russian Expansion refers to the historical process of territorial growth and political influence of Russia, from its initial formation as the Kievan Rus in the 9th century to the largest country in the world today. This expansion has been a central aspect of Russian history and has had significant impacts on the regions and peoples involved.

Early Expansion

The earliest form of Russian expansion began with the establishment of the Kievan Rus in the 9th century. This federation of Slavic tribes, under the rule of the Varangians, expanded from its original territory in present-day Ukraine to include parts of present-day Russia and Belarus. The Kievan Rus was a significant political and cultural entity in Eastern Europe until its decline in the 13th century.

Expansion under the Tsars

The period of Russian expansion under the Tsars began in the 15th century with the annexation of neighboring territories. This included the incorporation of the Novgorod Republic and the Grand Duchy of Moscow, which marked the beginning of the formation of a unified Russian state.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Russian expansion continued eastward into Siberia, driven by the fur trade and the desire to secure Russia's eastern borders. This expansion was facilitated by the Cossacks, who established forts and settlements across Siberia.

Expansion in the 18th and 19th Centuries

The 18th and 19th centuries saw further Russian expansion, particularly in Central Asia and the Caucasus. This period, often referred to as the Great Game, was characterized by competition between the Russian Empire and the British Empire for control over these regions.

Soviet Expansion

The 20th century marked a new phase of Russian expansion with the formation of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union expanded its influence through the establishment of satellite states in Eastern Europe following World War II, and through support for communist movements in various parts of the world during the Cold War.

Post-Soviet Expansion

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has sought to maintain and expand its influence in the post-Soviet space. This has included the annexation of Crimea in 2014, and ongoing involvement in conflicts in Eastern Ukraine and the South Caucasus.

See Also

• History of Russia
• Russian Empire
• Soviet Union
• Post-Soviet states