Russian famine of 1921–1922

1921-Famine-map

Russian Famine of 1921–1922

The Russian famine of 1921–1922, also known as the Povolzhye famine, was a severe famine that occurred in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) during the early years of the Soviet Union. The famine affected the Volga and Ural River regions, leading to widespread starvation and death.

Causes

The famine was caused by a combination of factors, including the aftermath of World War I, the Russian Civil War, and the policies of War Communism. The Bolshevik government requisitioned grain from peasants, leading to reduced agricultural productivity. Additionally, severe droughts in 1921 exacerbated the situation, leading to crop failures.

Impact

The famine affected an estimated 25 million people, with death tolls ranging from 5 to 10 million. The lack of food led to widespread malnutrition, disease, and death. Many people resorted to eating grass, leaves, and even cannibalism to survive.

Relief Efforts

The Soviet government initially denied the severity of the famine but eventually sought international assistance. The American Relief Administration, led by Herbert Hoover, played a significant role in providing aid. Other organizations, such as the International Red Cross and various European governments, also contributed to the relief efforts.

Aftermath

The famine had a profound impact on Soviet policies. It led to the abandonment of War Communism and the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921, which allowed for some private enterprise and market mechanisms to stimulate the economy. The famine also highlighted the need for better agricultural practices and infrastructure in the Soviet Union.

Legacy

The Russian famine of 1921–1922 remains a significant event in Russian history. It is remembered for the immense human suffering and the international response that helped alleviate the crisis. The famine also served as a catalyst for changes in Soviet economic policies and agricultural practices.

See Also

• Holodomor
• Great Chinese Famine
• Soviet Union
• New Economic Policy
• War Communism