S-equol

S-equol is a compound derived from the metabolism of the soy isoflavone daidzein by certain gut bacteria. It is classified as an isoflavandiol and is known for its estrogenic activity, which means it can mimic the hormone estrogen in the body.

Chemical Structure and Properties

S-equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen that belongs to the class of compounds known as phytoestrogens. Its chemical structure is similar to that of estradiol, the primary estrogen in humans. The molecular formula of S-equol is C15H14O3, and it has a molecular weight of 242.27 g/mol.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of S-equol occurs in the human gut through the action of specific bacterial species. These bacteria convert daidzein, an isoflavone found in soy products, into S-equol. Not all individuals have the gut bacteria necessary to produce S-equol, which can influence the biological effects of soy consumption.

Biological Activity

S-equol exhibits a high affinity for the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and a lower affinity for the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). This selective binding is thought to contribute to its potential health benefits, including the alleviation of menopausal symptoms, protection against osteoporosis, and potential anti-cancer properties.

Health Benefits

Menopausal Symptoms

S-equol has been studied for its potential to relieve menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. Its estrogenic activity can help balance hormone levels in postmenopausal women.

Bone Health

Research suggests that S-equol may play a role in maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis. Its ability to bind to estrogen receptors in bone tissue helps promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption.

Cardiovascular Health

S-equol may also have cardiovascular benefits. It has been shown to improve endothelial function and reduce markers of inflammation, which are important factors in cardiovascular health.

Production and Supplementation

S-equol can be produced through fermentation processes involving specific bacterial strains. It is available as a dietary supplement, often marketed for its potential health benefits related to menopause and bone health.

Related Pages

• Daidzein
• Isoflavone
• Phytoestrogen
• Estrogen receptor
• Menopause
• Osteoporosis

See Also

• Soy
• Gut microbiota
• Hormone replacement therapy