Sacral anterior root stimulator

Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator (SARS) is a medical device used to manage and improve the function of the bladder and bowels in individuals with spinal cord injuries or other conditions that affect the lower extremities. This device works by electrically stimulating the anterior roots of the sacral nerves, which are responsible for controlling the bladder, bowels, and sometimes lower limb functions.

Overview

The Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator is surgically implanted near the sacral nerve roots in the lower back. It consists of a stimulator, which is a small, pacemaker-like device, and a lead that carries electrical impulses to the nerve roots. The device is controlled externally by the patient or caregiver, allowing for the regulation of bladder and bowel movements.

Indications

SARS is primarily indicated for patients with a Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) who experience neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction. This includes individuals who have difficulty emptying their bladder or bowels or who suffer from incontinence. It is often considered when conservative treatments, such as medication or intermittent catheterization, have failed to provide adequate relief or management.

Procedure

The implantation of a Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator is a surgical procedure that requires general anesthesia. The surgery involves exposing the sacral nerve roots, usually through a laminectomy, and attaching the electrode lead to the anterior roots. The stimulator device is then placed under the skin, typically in the lower abdomen or buttock.

Benefits

Patients with a SARS device may experience significant improvements in bladder and bowel control, which can lead to an enhanced quality of life. The device can reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections, decrease the need for catheterization, and improve social confidence and independence.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, the implantation of a Sacral Anterior Root Stimulator carries risks. These may include infection, bleeding, pain at the implant site, and device malfunction. There is also a risk of nerve damage, which could potentially worsen bladder or bowel dysfunction.

Future Directions

Research into Sacral Anterior Root Stimulators continues to evolve, with studies focusing on improving the technology, expanding the indications for use, and enhancing patient outcomes. Innovations in nerve stimulation and device miniaturization hold promise for making SARS a more effective and less invasive option for patients in the future.