Salamandra

Salamandra atra

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Salamandra corsica LacdeMelo2

Salamandra infraimmaculata in israeli cave

Salamandra lanzai09

Benny Trapp Südspanischer Feuersalamander Salamandra longirostris

Salamandra is a genus of amphibians in the family Salamandridae, commonly known as true salamanders. These creatures are native to Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. The genus Salamandra comprises several species, with the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra) being among the most well-known and widely recognized.

Description

Members of the genus Salamandra are characterized by their robust bodies, broad heads, and bright coloration, which often serves as a warning to predators about their toxicity. These salamanders have glands in their skin that can secrete a potent toxin as a defense mechanism. They vary in size, with some species reaching up to 30 cm in length.

Habitat and Distribution

Salamandra species are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, meadows, and mountainous areas. They prefer moist environments and are often found near streams, ponds, or in damp leaf litter. Their distribution ranges from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa across Europe to the Middle East and parts of Western Asia.

Behavior and Ecology

Salamanders of the genus Salamandra are primarily nocturnal and are most active during the night. They are carnivorous, feeding on a variety of invertebrates such as insects, worms, and slugs. Reproduction varies among species, with some exhibiting viviparous (giving birth to live young) and others ovoviviparous (laying eggs) reproductive strategies. The Fire Salamander, for example, is known for its unique reproductive behavior, where it gives birth to fully formed larvae in water bodies.

Conservation

Many species within the genus Salamandra are facing threats from habitat loss, pollution, and climate change. Some species are listed as endangered or vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Conservation efforts are in place in various regions to protect these amphibians and their habitats.

Species

The genus Salamandra includes several species, such as:

• Salamandra salamandra (Fire Salamander)
• Salamandra atra (Alpine Salamander)
• Salamandra algira (North African Salamander)
• Salamandra corsica (Corsican Fire Salamander)
• Salamandra infraimmaculata (Near Eastern Fire Salamander)

See Also

• Amphibian
• Salamandridae
• Conservation status