Salar people

Salar Muslim settlement, outside of Jishi Town, Xunhua (Shunhua), Qinghai, 1932

A Salar Muslim with a captured fox, and Tibetans in the market, Labrang, Xiahe County, Gansu, 1934

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China Qinghai

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Volumes ! and II of Salar Quran in Kehtsikung Qinghai brought in 1371 from Samarkand

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Salur

Old Chinese Muslim from Xunhua

Salar people are a Turkic ethnic group native to the Qinghai and Gansu provinces in China. They are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups by the Chinese government. The Salars are known for their unique culture, language, and history, which distinguish them from other ethnic groups in China.

History

The origins of the Salar people trace back to the early 13th century when their ancestors migrated from the Samarkand region of present-day Uzbekistan to China. The migration is believed to have been motivated by the Mongol expansion. Over centuries, the Salars have maintained their Turkic language and Islamic faith, despite being surrounded by non-Turkic communities.

Language

The Salar language belongs to the Turkic language family and shares similarities with both Uzbek and Uighur languages. It has absorbed a significant number of words from Chinese, Tibetan, and Persian, reflecting the diverse influences on the Salar people over the centuries. The language is written in both the Arabic script and the Latin alphabet, though the former is more commonly used.

Religion

The majority of Salars are followers of Islam, specifically the Sunni branch. Islam plays a central role in Salar society, influencing their daily life, culture, and traditions. The Salars have their mosques and religious schools where children learn about the Quran and Islamic teachings from a young age.

Culture

Salar culture is a rich blend of Central Asian and Chinese elements. Traditional Salar music, dance, and clothing reflect this mix. The Salars are also known for their craftsmanship, particularly in making knives and silverware. Culinary traditions among the Salars also show a mix of Turkic and Chinese influences, with wheat and mutton being staple foods.

Demographics

As of the latest census, the Salar population in China is estimated to be around 130,000, primarily residing in the Qinghai province, in the Xunhua Salar Autonomous County, and parts of Gansu. Smaller communities can also be found in Xinjiang and other regions of China.

Challenges

The Salar people face several challenges, including issues related to cultural preservation and economic development. Rapid modernization and urbanization have led to a decline in the use of the Salar language among the younger generation. Additionally, economic disparities and limited access to higher education and employment opportunities remain significant concerns for the Salar community.

Conclusion

The Salar people contribute to the rich tapestry of ethnic diversity in China. Despite challenges, they continue to maintain their unique identity and cultural heritage. Efforts to preserve the Salar language and traditions are crucial for the continued vibrancy of this community.