Salvinorin A

{{Infobox Chemical | Name = Salvinorin A | Image = Salvinorin A.svg | ImageFile = Salvinorin A.png | ImageSize = 200px | IUPACName = (2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR)-9-(acetyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2H-naphtho[2,1-c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester | OtherNames = Divinorin A | Section1 = ! colspan=2 style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;" |Identifiers

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Salvinorin A
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Salvinorin A
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA )

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InChI

• InChI=1S/C23H28O8/c1-12(24)29-21-14-7-10-18(28-11-14)23(21,30-13(2)25)19(26)20(27)22(3,4)9-5-6-16-15(8-9)17(22)31-16/h5-6,8-9,14,18,21,26H,7,10-11H2,1-4H3/t14-,18-,21-,22-,23+/m0/s1 ^N

  Key: ZQSIJRDFPHDXIC-UXVXIBHWSA-N ^N

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SMILES

• CC(=O)OC1=C2[C@@H]3C[C@H](C(=O)C[C@H]3[C@@H]2C[C@@H]4C[C@H](OC(=O)C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C)[C@]14O)C5=CC=CO5

|- Salvinorin A is a naturally occurring hallucinogenic compound found in the leaves of the Salvia divinorum plant. It is a potent kappa-opioid receptor agonist and is known for its intense psychoactive effects. Salvinorin A is considered one of the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogens, with effects that can be felt even in small doses.

History

Salvinorin A was first isolated and identified in 1982 by a team of researchers led by Alfredo Ortega. The compound was extracted from the leaves of the Salvia divinorum plant, which has a long history of use in traditional Mexican shamanic practices. The Mazatec people, indigenous to the Oaxaca region of Mexico, have used Salvia divinorum for centuries for its hallucinogenic properties.

Chemical Properties

Salvinorin A has a molecular formula of C23H28O8 and a molecular weight of 432.47 g/mol. It is a diterpenoid compound with a complex structure consisting of a furan ring, a lactone ring, and a naphthoquinone ring. The compound is highly lipophilic, allowing it to easily cross the blood-brain barrier and exert its psychoactive effects.

Pharmacology

Salvinorin A acts as a selective agonist of the kappa-opioid receptor, a G-protein coupled receptor found in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Activation of the kappa-opioid receptor by Salvinorin A leads to a cascade of intracellular events, ultimately resulting in altered neuronal activity and the characteristic hallucinogenic effects.

Effects

The effects of Salvinorin A are rapid and intense, with the onset of hallucinations occurring within seconds to minutes after ingestion or inhalation. Users typically experience vivid visual distortions, alterations in perception of time and space, and a sense of detachment from reality. The duration of the effects is relatively short, typically lasting between 10 to 30 minutes.

Medical and Therapeutic Potential

Research into the medical and therapeutic potential of Salvinorin A is still in its early stages. Preliminary studies have suggested that the compound may have potential applications in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and addiction. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and potential therapeutic benefits of Salvinorin A.

Legal Status

The legal status of Salvinorin A varies across different countries and jurisdictions. In some countries, such as the United States, Salvinorin A is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, making it illegal to possess, distribute, or manufacture. In other countries, such as the Netherlands, Salvinorin A is not specifically regulated, but its sale and distribution may be subject to certain restrictions.

See Also

• Salvia divinorum
• Psychedelic drug
• Hallucinogen