Sambucus javanica

Sambucus chinensis 1

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Sambucus javanica, commonly known as the Java elder, is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae. It is native to East Asia, including parts of China, Japan, Taiwan, and extending to Southeast Asia in countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. This plant is often found in a variety of habitats, ranging from forest edges and open woodlands to areas disturbed by human activities, demonstrating a broad ecological tolerance.

Description

Sambucus javanica is a deciduous or semi-evergreen shrub or small tree that can grow up to 3-5 meters in height. The leaves are pinnate with 5-7 leaflets, each leaflet being ovate to lanceolate with serrated margins. The plant is known for its clusters of small white or cream-colored flowers, which are highly aromatic and appear in large, flat-topped inflorescences called cymes. These flowers are followed by small, berry-like fruits that mature to a dark purple or black color. The berries are a source of food for various species of birds and other wildlife, though they are considered toxic to humans if consumed raw.

Ecology

Sambucus javanica plays a significant role in its ecosystem, providing nectar for pollinators and fruits for birds. The plant prefers well-drained soils but can adapt to a wide range of soil types, which contributes to its widespread distribution. It is often found in secondary forests and areas of regrowth, where it can quickly colonize due to its fast growth rate and the dispersal of its seeds by birds.

Uses

While the raw berries of Sambucus javanica are toxic to humans, they can be processed to make wines, syrups, and jams after proper cooking, which destroys the toxic compounds. In traditional medicine, various parts of the plant, including its flowers, leaves, and bark, have been used to treat a range of ailments. The flowers are particularly valued for their diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Conservation

As of the current knowledge, Sambucus javanica does not face any immediate threats of extinction and is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, like many native species, it could be susceptible to habitat loss and degradation, particularly from deforestation and urbanization. Conservation efforts to preserve its natural habitats are essential for maintaining the ecological balance and biodiversity of the regions where it is found.