Satellite glial cell

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are a type of glial cell that are present in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. They are found in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia, where they surround neurons and are in close proximity to neuronal bodies.

Structure

Satellite glial cells are small, flat cells that completely envelop neuronal bodies in peripheral ganglia. They are named "satellite" because of their location on the surface of the neuron, similar to how a satellite orbits a planet. The close proximity between SGCs and neurons allows for direct communication and interaction between these two cell types.

Function

The primary function of satellite glial cells is to provide support and nutrients to the neurons they surround. They also play a role in regulating the microenvironment of the ganglion by controlling the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. Recent studies suggest that SGCs may also have a role in pain transmission and inflammation.

Clinical significance

Alterations in satellite glial cells have been observed in various pathological conditions, including chronic pain and inflammation. They are also implicated in the response to peripheral nerve injury. Understanding the role of SGCs in these conditions could lead to new therapeutic strategies for treating chronic pain and other neurological disorders.

See also

• Glial cell
• Neuron
• Peripheral nervous system
• Central nervous system