Sattriya

Sattriya dance of India by Shagil Kannur 4

Sattriya or Sattriya Nritya is a major Indian classical dance tradition. It originated in the eastern state of Assam and has been recognized as one of the eight classical dance forms of India by the Sangeet Natak Akademi. Sattriya dance was introduced in the 15th century by the great Assamese Vaishnavite saint, Sankardeva, as a powerful medium for propagating the Vaishnavite faith. The dance form has its roots in the Ankia Naat (a form of Assamese one-act plays devised by Sankardeva), and it was initially performed by male monks (Bhokots) in monasteries (Satras) as a part of their daily rituals or to mark special festivals. Over centuries, Sattriya has evolved from a strictly religious art form to one that is also performed on secular stages by both men and women.

History

The inception of Sattriya dance is closely linked to the Bhakti Movement in Assam. Sankardeva sought to use the arts, including dance, drama, and music, as a means to instill devotion among his followers and to teach the masses the principles of Vaishnavism. The dance form, originally called Xattriya in Assamese, was nurtured and developed in the Satras - monastic centers Sankardeva established. For several centuries, Sattriya remained a living tradition within the Satras, largely hidden from the outside world.

Performance

Sattriya dance is characterized by strict discipline, intricate footwork, expressive gestures, and swift movements. It is accompanied by musical compositions called borgeets (composed by Sankardeva and his disciple Madhavdeva), and instruments like the khol (a two-sided drum), taals (cymbals), and the flute. The dance sequences are usually based on themes from the Bhagavata Purana, and performances can be solo, duet, or group.

Costumes and Ornaments

The traditional attire for male dancers includes the dhoti and a richly embroidered long-sleeved jacket, while female dancers wear a mekhela chador (a two-piece silk garment) with intricate designs. Ornaments play a significant role in the attire, with dancers adorning themselves with traditional Assamese jewelry made of gold.

Recognition and Evolution

Sattriya was officially recognized as a classical dance form by the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 2000, marking a significant milestone in its journey from the Satras to the performance stage. This recognition has helped in the preservation and propagation of Sattriya dance, leading to increased interest and research in its history, techniques, and repertoire.

Contemporary Scene

Today, Sattriya is performed worldwide, transcending its religious origins to become a symbol of Assamese culture and heritage. It has adapted to contemporary stages while retaining its traditional essence, with practitioners and scholars working to ensure its continuity and relevance.

See Also

• Indian classical dance
• Bhakti Movement
• Sankardeva
• Ankia Naat
• Bhagavata Purana