Schizophrenia and smoking

There is a strong link between schizophrenia and smoking, with individuals with schizophrenia smoking at a much higher rate than the general population. It is estimated that up to 90% of individuals with schizophrenia smoke, compared to 20-30% of the general population. The reasons for this high rate of smoking among individuals with schizophrenia are not fully understood, but there are several potential explanations. One theory is that individuals with schizophrenia may smoke to alleviate symptoms of the disorder, such as negative symptoms (e.g. apathy, lack of motivation) and cognitive symptoms (e.g. disordered thinking). Nicotine, the addictive substance in tobacco, may help to improve attention, memory, and overall cognitive functioning. Another theory is that smoking may be a form of self-medication for individuals with schizophrenia. Nicotine may help to reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression that commonly occur in individuals with schizophrenia. Additionally, individuals with schizophrenia may be more susceptible to addiction because of the changes in the brain that occur with the disorder. As such, they may be more likely to take up smoking and find it more difficult to quit. However, smoking is a major risk factor for numerous health problems and can worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia. It is important for individuals with schizophrenia to be provided with support and resources to quit smoking.