Scottish Parliament

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Type
Type	Devolved unicameral legislature
Chambers
Term limits
Founded	1 July 1999
Disbanded
Preceded by
Succeeded by

The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the capital city of Edinburgh, it is responsible for making decisions on a wide range of issues that affect the people of Scotland. The Parliament was established in 1999 following a referendum in 1997, where the people of Scotland voted in favor of devolution.

History

The Scottish Parliament was officially opened on 1 July 1999, marking the first time Scotland had its own parliament since the Acts of Union 1707, which unified the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England into the Kingdom of Great Britain. The establishment of the Parliament was a significant event in Scottish history, symbolizing a return of legislative powers to Scotland.

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II at the opening of the Scottish Parliament

Structure and Function

The Scottish Parliament is a unicameral body, meaning it has a single legislative chamber. It consists of 129 Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), who are elected using an Additional Member System, a form of proportional representation. This system is designed to ensure a more equitable representation of political parties in the Parliament.

The Parliament has the power to legislate on a wide range of issues, including health, education, justice, rural affairs, and the environment. However, certain powers, such as defense and foreign affairs, remain reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The Building

The Scottish Parliament building is located at Holyrood, at the foot of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. Designed by the Spanish architect Enric Miralles, the building is noted for its unique and modern architecture, which has won several awards. The debating chamber, where MSPs meet to discuss and pass legislation, is a focal point of the building.

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Front view of the Scottish Parliament building

Role and Responsibilities

The Scottish Parliament is responsible for scrutinizing the work of the Scottish Government, debating issues of national importance, and passing legislation. It also has the power to vary the rate of income tax in Scotland, a power known as the "Scottish rate of income tax."

Presiding Officer

The Presiding Officer is the speaker of the Scottish Parliament, responsible for maintaining order during debates, deciding who may speak, and ensuring that the rules of the Parliament are followed. The Presiding Officer is elected by the MSPs and must remain impartial.

First Minister

The First Minister is the head of the Scottish Government and is responsible for the overall direction and administration of the devolved government. The First Minister is usually the leader of the largest party in the Parliament and is appointed by the Monarch.

The Queen at the Scottish Parliament

Also see

• Devolution in the United Kingdom
• Acts of Union 1707
• Scottish Government
• Politics of Scotland
• Parliament of the United Kingdom