Scutigera coleoptrata

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House centipede Scutigera coleoptrata on the wall

House centipede, face, beltsville 2014-04-21-18.44.09 ZS PMax (14053176887)

Scutigera coleoptrata, commonly known as the house centipede, is a species of centipede found in various parts of the world. Originating in the Mediterranean region, this arthropod has since spread to other parts of the world, including North America, where it is often found in human homes. Scutigera coleoptrata is notable for its distinctive appearance, rapid movement, and beneficial role in controlling pests.

Description

Scutigera coleoptrata can grow to be about 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 inches) in length. It has a flattened body with 15 pairs of long, slender legs, each increasing in length towards the rear of the body, giving it a very distinctive appearance. The body is typically a yellowish-gray color with three dark longitudinal stripes. The centipede's head carries two long and sensitive antennae and compound eyes, which is unusual for centipedes as most species have simple eyes or are blind.

Habitat

Originally from the Mediterranean region, Scutigera coleoptrata has adapted to a variety of environments. It is commonly found in human dwellings, where it preys on insects and other small invertebrates. This centipede prefers moist, dark environments and can often be found in basements, bathrooms, and other damp areas of homes.

Behavior and Ecology

Scutigera coleoptrata is nocturnal, hunting primarily at night. It is a fast and agile predator, capable of running up walls and across ceilings with ease. Its diet consists mainly of insects such as spiders, bed bugs, termites, cockroaches, silverfish, ants, and other household pests. By preying on these insects, Scutigera coleoptrata can help control pest populations in homes.

Reproduction

The reproduction process of Scutigera coleoptrata involves the male depositing a spermatophore for the female to pick up. After fertilization, the female lays her eggs in a small crevice or under stones. The young centipedes, which look like smaller versions of the adults, go through several molts before reaching full size.

Human Interaction

While Scutigera coleoptrata may be alarming to some people due to its appearance and rapid movements, it is generally harmless to humans. It does not spread diseases, and its presence is often indicative of a larger pest problem in the home. Bites from Scutigera coleoptrata are extremely rare and typically only occur if the centipede is provoked. The bite may cause minor discomfort but is not dangerous.

Control

In cases where the presence of Scutigera coleoptrata is undesirable, control measures focus on reducing the centipede's food source by eliminating household pests. Keeping homes dry and reducing humidity can also discourage centipedes from entering. Physical removal or exclusion methods, such as sealing cracks and crevices, are also effective.

Conclusion

Scutigera coleoptrata plays a beneficial role in controlling pest populations within homes. Its presence, while potentially startling, indicates its role as a natural pest control agent. Understanding the behavior and ecology of this centipede can help homeowners appreciate its beneficial role in the ecosystem.