Sea snakes

Sea snakes are a group of marine reptiles that belong to the subfamily Hydrophiinae within the family Elapidae. They are highly adapted to a life in the ocean and are found in warm coastal waters from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. Sea snakes are known for their venomous bites, which can be dangerous to humans, although they are generally not aggressive.

Description

Sea snakes are characterized by their paddle-like tails, which aid in swimming, and their laterally compressed bodies. Unlike their terrestrial relatives, sea snakes have evolved to live their entire lives in the water. They have specialized glands to excrete excess salt and can absorb oxygen through their skin, allowing them to stay submerged for extended periods.

Habitat and Distribution

Sea snakes are primarily found in the warm coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They inhabit coral reefs, estuaries, and open seas. Some species are known to venture into freshwater environments.

Behavior

Sea snakes are generally solitary creatures, although they may be found in large numbers in certain areas. They feed on fish and eels, using their potent venom to immobilize prey. Sea snakes are ovoviviparous, meaning they give birth to live young, although a few species lay eggs on land.

Venom

The venom of sea snakes is highly toxic and contains neurotoxins that can cause paralysis. Despite their potent venom, sea snakes are not aggressive and bites to humans are rare. Antivenom is available for sea snake bites, and prompt medical treatment is essential.

Conservation

Some species of sea snakes are threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and bycatch in fishing nets. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting their habitats and reducing bycatch through improved fishing practices.

Also see

• Elapidae
• Marine reptiles
• Venomous snakes
• Coral reefs