Seal

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colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background-color: transparent" | Seal
File:Seal on rock.jpg
A common seal (Phoca vitulina) resting on coastal rocks
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Missing taxonomy template ([//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Template:taxonomy/Seal&preload=Template:Taxonomy/preload fix]):	Seal
Species	Template:Taxonomy/Seal Seal
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Template:Taxonomy/Seal Seal
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Seals are a group of marine mammals within the family Phocidae, commonly known as the true seals or earless seals. They are characterized by their sleek bodies and lack of external ear flaps, distinguishing them from the sea lions and fur seals of the family Otariidae. Seals are found in most oceans globally, from the Arctic and Antarctic regions to tropical waters. They are adapted to an aquatic lifestyle, with bodies that allow for efficient swimming.

Anatomy and Physiology

Seals have streamlined bodies that reduce drag while swimming. Their limbs are evolved into flippers, which aid in navigation through water. Unlike sea lions, seals are less agile on land and move in a caterpillar-like fashion. They have a thick layer of blubber that provides insulation against cold water temperatures and serves as an energy reserve.

Diet

Seals are predominantly carnivorous and primarily feed on fish, squid, and a variety of other marine organisms. The exact composition of their diet varies by species and habitat. They are known for their ability to dive deep in pursuit of prey, with some species capable of diving to depths of over 1000 meters.

Reproduction

Seal reproduction varies by species, but most exhibit a polygynous mating system where males compete for access to females. Breeding generally occurs in colonies, where females return to land to give birth to a single pup. The mother's milk is extremely rich in fat, which allows the pup to grow rapidly before weaning.

Conservation

Many seal species are faced with various threats including habitat degradation, climate change, and conflicts with fishing activities. Some species are protected under international law, and various conservation efforts are in place to mitigate human impact.

Genera and Species

The family Phocidae includes several genera, such as:

• Phoca - harbor seals
• Mirounga - elephant seals
• Monachus - monk seals
• Halichoerus - grey seals

In Culture

Seals have featured in the mythology and folklore of various cultures, often symbolizing adaptability and creativity due to their ability to thrive in both marine and terrestrial environments. They continue to be a subject of interest and affection in popular culture.

See Also

• Marine biology
• Pinniped
• Oceanography