Security guard

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Armed guard escort on a merchant ship

Security units in Indonesia

Security guard in China 01

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Security guard is a person employed by a public or private sector to protect the employing party's assets (property, people, equipment, money, etc.) from a variety of hazards (such as waste, damaged property, unsafe worker behavior, criminal activity such as theft, etc.) by enforcing preventative measures. Security guards do this by maintaining a high-visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, looking (either directly, through patrols, or indirectly, by monitoring alarm systems or video surveillance cameras) for signs of crime or other hazards (such as a fire), taking action to minimize damage (such as warning and escorting trespassers off property), and reporting any incidents to their clients and emergency services (such as the police or paramedics), as appropriate.

Security guards have a significant role in preventing and minimizing threats to the safety and security of the premises and persons they are responsible for. Depending on the country, state, or even local laws, the tasks and authority of a security guard can vary widely. In some places, they are armed with weapons, while in others, they are strictly non-lethal and focus on observation and reporting.

Duties and Responsibilities

The primary duties of a security guard include:

• Surveillance: Monitoring CCTV systems, conducting patrols (either on foot or in a vehicle), and inspecting property to protect against criminal activity and other problems.
• Access Control: Ensuring that only authorized individuals gain entry into secured areas.
• Law Enforcement: Working closely with law enforcement agencies and acting as a first responder in emergency situations.
• Record Keeping: Maintaining logs of daily activities and irregularities, such as equipment or property damage, theft, presence of unauthorized persons, or unusual occurrences.
• Customer Service: Providing a point of contact for visitors and clients, which may include providing directions or information regarding the premises.

Types of Security Guards

Security guards can be classified into various types based on their duties and the settings in which they work:

• Retail Security Guards: Focus on preventing theft and ensuring the safety of both customers and staff in retail settings.
• Corporate Security Guards: Protect corporate premises and employees, often focusing on access control and emergency response planning.
• Event Security Guards: Specialize in managing crowds, maintaining order, and ensuring the safety of attendees at events such as concerts, sports events, and rallies.
• Residential Security Guards: Work in residential areas or gated communities, focusing on access control and patrolling to ensure the safety of residents and property.
• Armored Car Guards: Responsible for the secure transportation of cash and valuable items, often armed and trained in defensive tactics.

Training and Qualifications

The training and qualifications required for a security guard vary by country and jurisdiction. Generally, a high school diploma or its equivalent is the minimum educational requirement. Many jurisdictions require security guards to undergo a specified amount of training before commencing work, which may cover topics such as property rights, emergency procedures, and detention of suspected criminals. In some places, guards must complete additional training and obtain a license or certification to carry weapons.

Legal Authority

The legal authority of security guards also varies widely. In most jurisdictions, they are granted the authority to detain individuals suspected of criminal activity until law enforcement arrives. However, the extent of this authority and the procedures for detaining individuals must comply with local laws and regulations.

Challenges

Security guards face various challenges, including the risk of physical harm, the need to make quick decisions in emergency situations, and the requirement to remain vigilant over long periods. The job can be stressful, particularly in high-risk situations.

Conclusion

Security guards play a crucial role in maintaining safety and security in a wide range of settings. Their responsibilities are diverse, from enforcing laws and regulations to providing customer service. The profession requires vigilance, integrity, and a commitment to protecting people and property.