Seraph

Bas Relief, Jerusalem YMCA (5503056704)

Syrian - Slab with Six-Winged Goddess - Walters 2116

Seraphim - Petites Heures de Jean de Berry

Giotto - Legend of St Francis - -19- - Stigmatization of St Francis

HagiaSophia Dome (pixinn.net)

The four supporters (angels) of the celestial throne Wellcome L0030654

Seraph (plural: Seraphim) is a type of celestial or heavenly being in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Originating in ancient Judaic texts, the concept of the Seraphim has evolved over time, finding a place in various theological frameworks and religious traditions. These beings are often depicted as fiery six-winged entities who stand in the presence of God, praising and glorifying the deity without cease.

Etymology and Origins

The word "Seraph" is derived from the Hebrew root ś-r-p, which means "to burn" or "to consume." In the Hebrew Bible, specifically in the Book of Isaiah (Isaiah 6:1-7), the Seraphim are described as fiery six-winged beings who encircle the throne of God, continuously proclaiming His glory. This depiction has significantly influenced subsequent Jewish, Christian, and Islamic angelology.

In Judaism

In Jewish tradition, the Seraphim are considered among the highest ranks of angels, residing in the closest proximity to God. They are mentioned in the Talmud and Midrash, where their roles expand beyond the mere proclaimers of God's glory to include participating in the divine chariot, as described in mystical texts like the Zohar.

In Christianity

Christian theology, drawing from the Hebrew Bible and later Jewish writings, often places the Seraphim at the top of the angelic hierarchy. Early Christian scholars, such as Gregory the Great and Dionysius the Areopagite, categorized angels into different orders or "choirs," with the Seraphim being the highest, closest to God, and most intensely involved in worship and adoration. The imagery of Seraphim in Christianity also emphasizes their role in purification and atonement, as illustrated in Isaiah's vision where a Seraph purifies the prophet's lips with a burning coal.

In Islam

Although not explicitly named in the Quran, interpretations of Islamic texts and traditions have identified Seraphim with high-ranking angels who possess profound spirituality and closeness to God. Islamic scholars, such as Al-Ghazali, have discussed these beings in the context of their metaphysical and cosmological theories, often equating them with angels of the highest order who are involved in the maintenance of the universe and the execution of God's commands.

Symbolism and Interpretation

The Seraphim have been subjects of theological and philosophical speculation throughout the ages. Their fiery nature is often interpreted as symbolizing the purifying, illuminating presence of God. In mystical traditions, the Seraphim's ceaseless worship is seen as a model for spiritual ascent and devotion. Artistic representations, especially in Christian iconography, frequently depict Seraphim with fiery red wings, surrounding the throne of God or attending to saints and martyrs.

In Popular Culture

The concept of Seraphim has transcended religious texts to appear in various forms within popular culture, including literature, art, and media. They are often portrayed as characters in fantasy novels and games, where they retain elements of their traditional descriptions but are adapted to fit the narrative needs of these modern contexts.