Sex differences in narcissism

Sex differences in narcissism refers to the study of gender differences in narcissism, a personality trait characterized by grandiosity, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. Research has consistently shown that men tend to score higher on measures of narcissism than women, although the reasons for this difference are not fully understood.

Overview

Narcissism is a personality trait that is characterized by a sense of grandiosity, a lack of empathy, and a need for admiration. It is often associated with a sense of entitlement and a preoccupation with power and personal adequacy. Narcissism is typically measured using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), a psychological test that assesses seven components of narcissism: authority, self-sufficiency, superiority, exhibitionism, exploitativeness, vanity, and entitlement.

Sex differences

Research has consistently shown that men tend to score higher on measures of narcissism than women. This difference is most pronounced in the authority and entitlement components of the NPI, with men showing a greater tendency to assert their dominance and feel entitled to certain privileges. Women, on the other hand, tend to score higher on the vanity component, reflecting a greater preoccupation with physical appearance.

Theories

Several theories have been proposed to explain the sex differences in narcissism. One theory suggests that these differences reflect traditional gender roles, with men being socialized to be assertive and dominant, and women being socialized to be more concerned with their physical appearance. Another theory suggests that men may be more prone to narcissism due to biological factors, such as higher levels of testosterone.

Implications

Understanding the sex differences in narcissism has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). For example, it may help clinicians to better recognize and treat NPD in women, who are often underdiagnosed due to the male-centric nature of the diagnostic criteria.

See also

• Narcissism
• Narcissistic Personality Disorder
• Gender differences in psychology