Sexuality in ancient Rome

Sexuality in Ancient Rome often differed significantly from contemporary sexual norms. The Romans viewed sexuality as a part of their everyday lives, integral to their cultural identity, and a reflection of their societal structure and politics.

Sexual Morality

In ancient Rome, sexual morality was based on a rigid set of social norms, which were heavily influenced by the concept of virtus (manliness). This concept was not solely related to sexual behavior but was a measure of a man's capacity to act appropriately in a social context, which included sexual restraint. The Lex Scantinia, a Roman law, regulated the sexual conduct of freeborn males, prohibiting same-sex relations with freeborn boys and limiting the sexual freedoms of men.

Sexual Practices

The Romans had a broad view of sexual practices, accepting many behaviors that might be frowned upon in today's society. For example, pederasty was accepted in Rome under certain conditions. The practice was considered acceptable only if the younger partner was a slave or prostitute.

Prostitution

Prostitution in ancient Rome was legal and widespread. Both male and female prostitutes were present in Rome, with their services available to both sexes. Prostitutes in Rome were not seen as moral failures but as necessary parts of society.

Marriage and Adultery

Marriage in ancient Rome (matrimonium) was a private affair, with the main purpose being to produce legitimate children. Adultery (adulterium) was a serious crime, especially for the married woman involved. The Lex Julia law was enacted to protect the paterfamilias from the shame of adultery committed by female family members.

Homosexuality

Homosexuality in ancient Rome was viewed differently than it is today. The Roman view of homosexuality was not based on the gender to which one was attracted but on the role one played in the act. It was socially acceptable for a man to have sex with another man, as long as he was the active partner.

Conclusion

Sexuality in ancient Rome was a complex issue, deeply intertwined with the social, political, and personal lives of its citizens. It was a reflection of the power dynamics in society, with different rules for men and women, free citizens and slaves.