Goldschmidt classification

Classification of chemical elements based on their preferred host phases

Goldschmidt Classification

The Goldschmidt classification is a geochemical classification that categorizes the chemical elements based on their preferred host phases in the Earth's crust, mantle, and core. This system was developed by the Swiss mineralogist Victor Goldschmidt in the early 20th century. It is a fundamental concept in geochemistry and helps in understanding the distribution and behavior of elements in the Earth's interior.

Elemental abundances in the Earth's crust

Classification Categories

Goldschmidt's classification divides elements into four main categories based on their affinities:

Lithophile Elements

Lithophile elements are those that preferentially associate with silicate minerals and are typically found in the Earth's crust. These elements have a strong affinity for oxygen and form stable oxides. Common lithophile elements include silicon, aluminum, sodium, potassium, and calcium. These elements are abundant in the Earth's crust and are major constituents of igneous rocks.

Siderophile Elements

Siderophile elements are those that have a strong affinity for iron and tend to concentrate in the Earth's core. These elements are often found in metallic form and include nickel, cobalt, platinum, and gold. Siderophile elements are less abundant in the Earth's crust due to their preference for the metallic core.

Chalcophile Elements

Chalcophile elements are those that have a strong affinity for sulfur and are commonly found in sulfide minerals. These elements include copper, zinc, lead, and silver. Chalcophile elements are often associated with ore deposits and are important in the formation of sulfide minerals.

Atmophile Elements

Atmophile elements are those that are found in the Earth's atmosphere. These elements are typically gases at standard temperature and pressure and include nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and noble gases. Atmophile elements are crucial for the composition of the Earth's atmosphere and play significant roles in various atmospheric processes.

Applications of Goldschmidt Classification

The Goldschmidt classification is used extensively in the fields of geochemistry, mineralogy, and petrology. It helps scientists understand the distribution of elements in the Earth's layers and the processes that lead to the formation of different types of rocks and minerals. This classification also aids in the exploration of mineral resources by identifying the likely locations of certain elements based on their geochemical behavior.

Related Pages

• Geochemistry
• Mineralogy
• Petrology
• Earth's crust
• Core (geology)