Skull roof

Skull roof refers to the top part of the skull that encloses the brain. It is primarily composed of several flat bones that are joined together by sutures, which are fibrous joints. The skull roof is an essential component of the cranial structure, providing protection for the brain and supporting features of the face.

Structure

The skull roof, also known as the calvaria or cranial vault, is made up of the frontal bone, two parietal bones, and the occipital bone at the rear. These bones are connected by the coronal suture (between the frontal and parietal bones), the sagittal suture (between the two parietal bones), and the lambdoid suture (between the parietal bones and the occipital bone).

Frontal Bone

The frontal bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets (orbits). It plays a significant role in the overall shape and appearance of the head.

Parietal Bones

The parietal bones are a pair of bones located on either side of the skull. They are largely responsible for the sides and top of the cranial cavity.

Occipital Bone

The occipital bone forms the back and base of the skull. It contains the foramen magnum, through which the spinal cord exits the skull.

Function

The primary function of the skull roof is to protect the brain from injury. It acts as a hard, protective shell around the delicate brain tissue. Additionally, the skull roof provides attachment points for muscles of the head and neck, contributing to facial expressions and head movements.

Development

The bones of the skull roof develop through a process called intramembranous ossification, where connective tissue is directly converted into bone. This is different from the development of long bones, which involves a cartilage model being replaced by bone (endochondral ossification).

Clinical Significance

Damage to the skull roof can lead to serious conditions such as skull fractures or cranial trauma. Treatment depends on the severity of the injury but may include surgical intervention to repair fractures or relieve pressure on the brain.

See Also

• Cranium
• Suture
• Intramembranous ossification
• Skull fracture