Small nucleolar RNA SNORD110

Small nucleolar RNA SNORD110 (SNORD110), also known as U110 snoRNA, is a non-coding RNA molecule that belongs to the C/D box snoRNAs family. These molecules are primarily involved in the chemical modification of other RNA molecules, specifically in the methylation of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), a critical process for the proper assembly and function of ribosomes. Ribosomes play a central role in the protein synthesis machinery of cells, translating mRNA into proteins.

Function

SNORD110 is located within the introns of host genes and is processed from pre-mRNA transcripts. It specifically guides the 2'-O-methylation of rRNA molecules. Methylation is a modification that affects the stability and function of the rRNA, thereby influencing ribosome assembly and the fidelity of protein synthesis. The exact rRNA modification sites and the functional implications of SNORD110-guided methylation are areas of ongoing research.

Biogenesis

Like other C/D box snoRNAs, SNORD110 is characterized by the presence of conserved C and D box motifs. These motifs are essential for the snoRNA's biogenesis and function. The C box (RUGAUGA) and D box (CUGA) motifs are involved in the snoRNA's interaction with specific proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (snoRNP). This complex is crucial for the snoRNA's stability, localization, and function in rRNA modification.

Clinical Significance

While the specific roles of SNORD110 in human disease are not fully understood, dysregulation of snoRNAs has been implicated in various conditions, including cancer. Alterations in snoRNA expression levels can affect ribosome biogenesis and function, potentially leading to aberrant protein synthesis and cellular dysfunction. Research into SNORD110 and other snoRNAs may provide insights into their potential roles in disease mechanisms and their utility as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.

See Also

• Small nucleolar RNA
• Ribosomal RNA
• Methylation
• Protein synthesis
• Intron

References

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