Small nucleolar RNA SNORD113

Small nucleolar RNA SNORD113 (also known as SNORD113) is a member of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) family, which plays a critical role in the modification and processing of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). SNORD113 is part of the C/D box class of snoRNAs, which are characterized by the conserved motifs known as the C box (RUGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). These snoRNAs guide the 2'-O-ribose methylation of rRNA molecules, a modification essential for the proper assembly and function of the ribosome.

Function

SNORD113, like other C/D box snoRNAs, is involved in the chemical modification of rRNA. Specifically, it targets rRNA for 2'-O-ribose methylation, a modification that is crucial for the stability and function of the ribosome, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. This process is vital for the accurate and efficient production of proteins within the cell.

Biogenesis

SNORD113 is encoded within introns of host genes and is released by the splicing machinery. After its release, it is processed and assembled into a ribonucleoprotein complex, which includes specific proteins such as fibrillarin, a methyltransferase that catalyzes the methylation reaction guided by SNORD113. This complex is then transported to the nucleolus, where it associates with the rRNA precursor and performs its function.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the expression levels or mutations in the sequences of snoRNAs, including SNORD113, have been implicated in various human diseases. For example, dysregulation of snoRNA expression has been observed in cancer, where it can affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis. Although the specific roles of SNORD113 in disease are still under investigation, understanding its function and regulation could provide insights into the mechanisms of disease and potential therapeutic targets.

Related snoRNAs

SNORD113 is part of a family of snoRNAs, many of which share similar functions in rRNA modification. Other notable members of this family include SNORD114, SNORD115, and SNORD116, each of which has unique targets on the rRNA but collectively contributes to the maturation and functionality of the ribosome.

See Also

• Small nucleolar RNA
• Ribosomal RNA
• Ribosome
• Protein synthesis
• 2'-O-ribose methylation

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