Smyrna

Agora of Smyrna, built during the Hellenistic era at the base of Pagos Hill and totally rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius after the destructive 178 AD earthquake, Izmir, Turkey (18702047681)

Lydia circa 50 AD - English legend

Agora of Smyrna, built during the Hellenistic era at the base of Pagos Hill and totally rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius after the destructive 178 AD earthquake, Izmir, Turkey (18699693425)

Agora of Smyrna, built during the Hellenistic era at the base of Pagos Hill and totally rebuilt under Marcus Aurelius after the destructive 178 AD earthquake, Izmir, Turkey (18699947915)

Istanbul - Museo archeol. - Saffo - Copia romana da orig ellenist. - da Smirne - Foto G. Dall'Orto 28-5-2006 02

File:Agora3.jpg

Agora3

Smyrna was an ancient city located at a strategic point on the central west coast of Anatolia, in present-day Turkey, within the modern city of İzmir. It was one of the most important cities of the ancient Greek period, later becoming part of the Roman Empire and continuing to play a significant role during the Byzantine Empire. The city's history is marked by several periods of destruction and rebuilding, contributing to the rich archaeological layers that define its landscape today.

History

The earliest evidence of settlement in the Smyrna area dates back to the third millennium BC, during the Bronze Age. However, it was during the first millennium BC that Smyrna emerged as a prominent city-state in the Aegean region. The city was initially part of the Aeolian league before coming under Ionian influence.

Greek Period

During the Greek period, Smyrna was known for its strategic port and its role in trade and commerce. The city was celebrated for its beauty and the wealth of its citizens. It was also a center for the worship of Cybele, the ancient mother goddess, and later, the cult of Homer, who was said to have been born there.

Lydia and Persian Rule

In the 6th century BC, Smyrna fell under the control of the Lydian kingdom, and subsequently, it was conquered by the Persian Empire. Under Persian rule, the city continued to flourish due to its strategic location along major trade routes.

Hellenistic and Roman Periods

Smyrna regained its independence after the defeat of the Persians by Alexander the Great. Following Alexander's death, the city became part of the Hellenistic kingdoms that succeeded him. In 133 BC, Smyrna was bequeathed to the Roman Republic, marking the beginning of a long period of prosperity under Roman rule. The city was rebuilt with grandeur, featuring a large agora, temples, and a theatre.

Byzantine Era

With the division of the Roman Empire, Smyrna became part of the Byzantine Empire. The city faced numerous challenges during this period, including invasions by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th century. Despite these challenges, Smyrna remained an important commercial and military port.

Ottoman Period

Smyrna was captured by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century. Under Ottoman rule, the city continued to be a vital trade center, with a diverse population of Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and Turks. The city's architecture and culture flourished, blending various influences.

Modern Era

The modern city of İzmir encompasses the ancient site of Smyrna. Today, it is a bustling metropolis, serving as a major commercial and cultural center in Turkey. The legacy of ancient Smyrna is preserved in the archaeological sites scattered throughout İzmir, including the Agora, the Kadifekale (the ancient acropolis), and remnants of the Roman and Byzantine periods.

Archaeology

Excavations in Smyrna have revealed significant insights into its various historical periods. The Agora of Smyrna, in particular, has provided valuable information on the city's Roman and Byzantine architecture and social life.

Legacy

Smyrna's rich history and cultural legacy have made it a subject of study in ancient history and archaeology. Its strategic location and role in ancient trade networks underscore the interconnectedness of ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean region.