Sodium oxide

Sodium oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Na_2O. It is a white solid that is a typical ionic compound, being formed from the cation sodium (Na^+) and the anion oxide (O^2−). Sodium oxide is an important compound in the field of chemistry, particularly in the production of glass, where it is used as a flux to lower the melting point of silica.

Properties

Sodium oxide is a highly ionic compound with a strong lattice structure. It has a high melting point of 1132 degrees Celsius and boils at 1950 degrees Celsius. The compound is known for its ability to react exothermically with water, forming sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This reaction can be hazardous due to the heat and hydrogen gas produced.

Production

Sodium oxide is typically synthesized through the burning of sodium in dry oxygen. This process must be controlled carefully to prevent the formation of sodium peroxide (Na_2O_2). Alternatively, it can be produced by the decomposition of sodium nitrate (NaNO_3) at high temperatures.

Uses

The primary use of sodium oxide is in the glass-making industry. It acts as a flux, reducing the melting temperature of the silica and thus making the process more energy-efficient. Sodium oxide is also used in ceramic glazes and as a desiccant.

Safety

Sodium oxide is a corrosive substance and requires careful handling. It reacts violently with water, producing sodium hydroxide and heat, which can cause burns and ignite combustible materials. Proper safety equipment, such as gloves and eye protection, should always be used when handling this chemical.

See also

• Sodium
• Oxide
• Sodium hydroxide
• Glass production