Soluble
Soluble refers to the property of a substance (the solute) to dissolve in a solvent. It is a term widely used in chemistry to describe the capability of a certain chemical substance to become dissolved in a solvent. The process of dissolving a solute in a solvent is known as solubility.
Overview[edit | edit source]
Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.
Certain substances are soluble in all proportions with a given solvent, such as ethanol in water. This property is known as miscibility.
Factors affecting solubility[edit | edit source]
Several factors affect the solubility of a substance in a solvent. These include:
- Temperature: Generally, solubility increases with temperature. However, in some cases, such as gases in liquids, solubility decreases with increasing temperature.
- Pressure: For gases in a liquid, solubility increases with increasing pressure.
- Chemical structure: Polar substances tend to dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents. This is summarized in the phrase "like dissolves like".
Applications[edit | edit source]
Solubility is an important property in many areas of science, including chemistry, biology, and engineering. In medicine, it is crucial for the delivery of drugs to the body. In environmental science, it can determine the impact of a pollutant in a specific environment.
See also[edit | edit source]
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