Soma (biology)

Soma in biology refers to the parts of an organism other than the reproductive cells. The term is derived from the Greek word "σῶμα" (soma), meaning "body". In contrast to the germ line, which is involved in reproduction, the soma includes all the cells that form the body of an organism, such as muscle, nerve, and skin cells.

Somatic Cells

Somatic cells are any cells forming the body of an organism, excluding the germ cells which are involved in reproduction. These cells are diploid, meaning they contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. Somatic cells undergo mitosis to divide and proliferate, ensuring growth and repair of tissues.

Somatic Mutations

Somatic mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that occur in somatic cells. These mutations can lead to various diseases, including cancer. Unlike germline mutations, somatic mutations are not passed on to offspring.

Somatic Nervous System

The somatic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. It consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves.

Somatic Therapy

Somatic therapy is a form of therapy that focuses on the connection between the mind and body to promote healing. It is often used to treat trauma and stress-related disorders.

Somatic Evolution

Somatic evolution refers to the process of natural selection acting on somatic cells within an organism. This concept is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where somatic cells acquire mutations that allow them to proliferate uncontrollably.

See Also

• Germ line
• Mitosis
• Cancer
• Peripheral nervous system
• Therapy