Somatotropic cell

Somatotropic cell (also known as somatotroph) is a type of cell found in the anterior pituitary gland, which is responsible for the production and release of growth hormone (GH) or somatotropin. These cells constitute about 50% of the anterior pituitary gland and are located in the lateral wings of the gland.

Structure

Somatotropic cells are acidophilic due to the presence of large amounts of Golgi complexes and rough endoplasmic reticulum which are involved in the production of growth hormone. They are large polygonal cells that are arranged in clusters or cords.

Function

The primary function of somatotropic cells is the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone. This hormone plays a crucial role in human growth and development, promoting the growth of all tissues, including bone, cartilage, muscle, and fat tissue. It also plays a role in metabolism, influencing the body's use of fats and proteins.

Regulation

The activity of somatotropic cells is regulated by two hormones from the hypothalamus: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin. GHRH stimulates the somatotropic cells to produce and release growth hormone, while somatostatin inhibits this process.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function of somatotropic cells can lead to various medical conditions. Overproduction of growth hormone can result in gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults, while underproduction can lead to growth hormone deficiency, resulting in short stature.

See also

• Pituitary gland
• Growth hormone
• Hypothalamus