Structural analysis

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Structural analysis is a branch of civil engineering and mechanical engineering that involves the determination of the effects of loads on physical structures and their components. The results of the analysis are used to verify a structure's fitness for use, often precluding physical tests.

History

The history of structural analysis dates back to ancient times when early engineers and builders used empirical methods to design structures. The development of the theory of elasticity in the 19th century provided a scientific basis for structural analysis. The advent of computers in the 20th century revolutionized the field, allowing for more complex and accurate analyses.

Methods

Structural analysis can be performed using various methods, including:

• Analytical methods: These involve solving equations derived from the principles of mechanics and material science.
• Numerical methods: These include techniques such as the finite element method (FEM), which approximates solutions to complex problems.
• Experimental methods: These involve physical testing of structures or models to observe their behavior under loads.

Types of Loads

Structures are subjected to different types of loads, including:

• Dead load: The weight of the structure itself.
• Live load: The weight of movable objects, such as people and furniture.
• Environmental load: Loads due to environmental factors like wind, snow, and earthquakes.

Applications

Structural analysis is crucial in the design and assessment of various structures, including:

• Buildings
• Bridges
• Dams
• Aircraft
• Ships

Software

Several software programs are used in structural analysis, including:

• SAP2000
• ANSYS
• ABAQUS
• STAAD.Pro

Related Pages

• Civil engineering
• Mechanical engineering
• Finite element method
• Theory of elasticity
• Structural engineering