Submaxillary gland

Submaxillary gland (also known as the submandibular gland) is one of the three major salivary glands in humans. It is located in the submandibular triangle of the neck, beneath the floor of the mouth.

Anatomy[edit | edit source]

The submaxillary gland is a mixed gland with both serous and mucous acini. It is shaped like an almond and weighs approximately 10-15 grams. The gland is divided into two lobes by the mylohyoid muscle, with the larger superficial part extending upwards and forwards, and the smaller deep part extending upwards and backwards.

The gland is surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule, from which septa extend into the gland dividing it into lobules. The gland's duct, the Wharton's duct, opens into the floor of the mouth at the sublingual caruncle, lateral to the lingual frenulum.

Function[edit | edit source]

The submaxillary gland produces and secretes saliva, which is a complex fluid that lubricates the mouth, aids in the initial stages of digestion by moistening food and contains enzymes that start the breakdown of starches. It also helps to maintain the health of the oral cavity by washing away food particles and bacteria and neutralizing acids.

Clinical significance[edit | edit source]

Diseases of the submaxillary gland can include sialolithiasis (the formation of salivary stones), sialadenitis (inflammation of the salivary gland), and benign or malignant tumors. Symptoms of these conditions can include pain, swelling, and difficulty swallowing or opening the mouth wide.

Treatment of these conditions can involve medication, surgery, or other interventions, depending on the specific condition and its severity. In some cases, removal of the gland may be necessary.