Parotid gland

Parotid gland is the largest of the salivary glands. It is found in humans and most other mammals, located bilaterally in the cheek, in front of the ear, and extending to the space below the ear. The gland secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth, which facilitates mastication and swallowing, and also participates in oral hygiene.

Anatomy

The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus, and secretes saliva through the parotid duct (Stensen duct) which opens into the mouth at the level of the upper second molar. The gland is divided into two lobes by the facial nerve.

Function

The primary function of the parotid gland is the production of saliva. Saliva produced by the parotid gland is serous and rich in amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugar.

Clinical significance

Diseases of the parotid gland can result in considerable discomfort and can also be a symptom of systemic diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome or HIV.

Parotitis

Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands. Acute bacterial parotitis is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus but can be caused by other bacteria. Chronic parotitis can have various causes, from autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, to obstructive diseases, such as lithiasis (stone formation).

Parotid tumors

Most tumors of the parotid gland are benign, but the gland is also a site where malignant tumors can form. The most common benign tumor of the parotid gland is a pleomorphic adenoma.

See also

• Salivary gland
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland