Subtropics

Subtropical

World map indicating tropics and subtropics

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Parque Tingui Curitiba Brasil

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Wetland Hong Kong

Subtropics refer to the geographical and climatic zone situated immediately north and south of the Tropics, typically between the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere. This zone is characterized by its distinct, mild winters and hot, humid summers. The subtropical climate is often divided into humid and dry categories, with the Humid subtropical climate being associated with areas on the eastern sides of continents and the Mediterranean climate and Semi-arid climate found on the western sides.

Characteristics

The subtropics feature a variety of characteristics that distinguish them from the equatorial tropics and the higher latitudes. Key features include:

• Mild to warm winters: Temperatures in the subtropics rarely drop below freezing, making snowfall uncommon except in higher altitudes.
• Hot summers: Summer temperatures can be very high, often leading to a pronounced period of discomfort due to humidity, especially in the humid subtropical regions.
• Rainfall patterns: The subtropics can experience a wide range of rainfall patterns, from the summer-heavy rains in the humid subtropics to the more evenly distributed precipitation in Mediterranean climates. Dry subtropical regions may experience drought-like conditions.
• Vegetation: The plant life in the subtropics is diverse, ranging from deciduous forests in humid areas to evergreen shrubs in the Mediterranean and sparse vegetation in semi-arid regions.

Subtropical Climates

The subtropical zone hosts several climate types, primarily based on precipitation and temperature patterns:

• Humid Subtropical Climate: Characterized by hot, humid summers and mild winters, with significant rainfall.
• Mediterranean Climate: Known for hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters.
• Semi-arid Climate: Features hot summers and mild winters, with moderate to low rainfall, often leading to desert-like conditions in some areas.

Flora and Fauna

The subtropical regions support a rich diversity of flora and fauna, adapted to the climate's unique conditions. In humid subtropical areas, broadleaf forests dominate, while Mediterranean regions are home to scrub and woodland adapted to dry summers. The semi-arid subtropics, meanwhile, support grasslands and desert scrub.

Human Impact

Human activity has significantly impacted the subtropical regions through urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation. These activities have altered natural landscapes, contributing to biodiversity loss and changes in local climates. Conservation efforts are underway in many subtropical areas to preserve the unique ecosystems and biodiversity.

See Also

• Tropical zone
• Temperate zone
• Climate classification
• Global warming