Suffragette

Suffragette flag (United Kingdom)

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Emmeline Pankhurst2

Mrs Lilian Metge

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Emily Wilding Davison by Andrew William Dron

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A realistic picture. Suffragettes in Prison

Suffragette refers to a member of women's organizations in the early 20th century who, under the banner of feminism, fought for the right to vote in public elections, a right known as women's suffrage. The term "suffragette" is particularly associated with activists in the United Kingdom, such as members of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), a group founded in 1903 by Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters Christabel and Sylvia Pankhurst. These activists adopted militant tactics in contrast to the more moderate approaches favored by suffragists in the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies (NUWSS), led by Millicent Fawcett.

History

The suffragette movement emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, at a time when women in most countries were denied the right to vote. In the UK, the movement gained momentum with the formation of the WSPU. The suffragettes employed tactics such as civil disobedience, demonstrations, and even hunger strikes to draw attention to their cause. Their motto, "Deeds, not words," reflected their readiness to take direct action.

Tactics and Struggles

Suffragettes were known for their radical tactics, which included chaining themselves to railings, setting fire to mailbox contents, smashing windows, and enduring imprisonment. Many were subjected to force-feeding during hunger strikes, a practice that drew public sympathy and increased support for their cause. The outbreak of World War I led to a suspension of militant activities as many women, including suffragettes, took on roles traditionally held by men, further proving their capability and strengthening the argument for women's suffrage.

Legislative Success

The efforts of suffragettes, along with those of more moderate suffragists, eventually led to legislative victories. In the UK, the Representation of the People Act 1918 granted voting rights to women over the age of 30 who met certain property qualifications. It wasn't until the Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928 that women gained equal voting rights with men, at the age of 21.

Legacy

The legacy of the suffragettes is evident in the continued fight for gender equality and women's rights around the world. They are celebrated for their courage, determination, and the significant role they played in shaping democratic societies by ensuring women's inclusion in the electoral process.

See Also

• Feminism
• Women's suffrage
• Emmeline Pankhurst
• Women's Social and Political Union
• National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies