Superior alveolar artery

Arteries supplying the maxillary teeth and surrounding structures

The superior alveolar arteries are a group of arteries that supply blood to the upper teeth and the maxillary sinus. These arteries are branches of the maxillary artery, which is one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

Anatomy

The superior alveolar arteries are divided into three main branches: the posterior superior alveolar artery, the middle superior alveolar artery, and the anterior superior alveolar artery. Each of these branches plays a crucial role in supplying blood to different parts of the maxilla and its associated structures.

Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery

The posterior superior alveolar artery arises from the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa. It descends on the posterior surface of the maxilla, entering the bone through the posterior superior alveolar foramina. This artery supplies the molar and premolar teeth, the maxillary sinus, and the gingiva.

Middle Superior Alveolar Artery

The middle superior alveolar artery is often a branch of the infraorbital artery, which itself is a branch of the maxillary artery. It supplies the premolar teeth and the maxillary sinus. However, this artery is not always present in all individuals.

Anterior Superior Alveolar Artery

The anterior superior alveolar artery is a branch of the infraorbital artery. It descends within the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and supplies the canine and incisor teeth, as well as the anterior part of the maxillary sinus.

Function

The primary function of the superior alveolar arteries is to provide oxygenated blood to the upper teeth and the maxillary sinus. This blood supply is essential for the health and function of the teeth, as well as for the maintenance of the maxillary sinus mucosa.

Clinical Significance

The superior alveolar arteries are important in dental procedures and surgeries involving the maxilla. Damage to these arteries can lead to significant bleeding and complications. Understanding their anatomy is crucial for dentists and oral surgeons to avoid inadvertent injury during procedures such as tooth extractions or sinus lifts.

Related pages

• Maxillary artery
• Infraorbital artery
• External carotid artery
• Maxillary sinus
• Dental anatomy