Supplemental Security Income

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a United States federal income supplement program funded by general tax revenues (not Social Security taxes). It is designed to help aged, blind, and disabled people who have little or no income and it provides cash to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter.

History

The Supplemental Security Income program was created in 1972 and began operations in 1974. It was created to replace federal-state adult assistance programs that served the same purpose. The restructuring of these programs was intended to standardize the eligibility requirements and level of benefits. The new federal program was incorporated into Title XVI (Title 16) of the Social Security Act.

Eligibility

To qualify for SSI, applicants must be aged 65 or older, blind, or disabled. The definition of disability for SSI purposes is the same as the definition used in the Social Security Disability Insurance program. In general, a person is considered disabled if they are unable to do any substantial gainful activity due to a medically determinable physical or mental impairment.

Benefits

The amount of the SSI benefit is based on the federal benefit rate (FBR). This rate is adjusted annually for cost-of-living increases. In addition to the monthly cash benefits, SSI recipients may also be eligible for Medicaid, food stamps, and other state or local assistance.

Administration

The SSI program is administered by the Social Security Administration (SSA). The SSA determines eligibility, calculates benefits, and issues payments. The SSA also conducts periodic reviews to verify that recipients continue to be eligible for SSI and are receiving the correct payment amount.

Criticism and Controversy

Like many federal programs, SSI has been the subject of criticism and controversy. Critics argue that the program is prone to fraud and abuse, and that it discourages recipients from seeking employment. Supporters argue that SSI provides a vital safety net for some of the most vulnerable members of society.

See Also

• Social Security (United States)
• Social Security Disability Insurance
• Medicaid

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