Synaptic transmission

Synaptic transmission is the process by which one neuron sends a signal to another neuron or target effector cell across a synapse. The synapse is a small gap separating neurons. The process is essential for the overall function of the brain and nervous system.

Overview

Synaptic transmission involves the movement of neurons and neurotransmitters across the synapse. This process is essential for the communication between neurons and the overall function of the nervous system. The process begins when an electrical signal, or action potential, reaches the synapse. This triggers the release of neurotransmitters, which are then received by the second neuron or target effector cell.

Process

The process of synaptic transmission can be broken down into several steps:

1. Action potential generation: An action potential is generated in the neuron. This is an electrical signal that travels down the neuron's axon.
2. Neurotransmitter release: When the action potential reaches the synapse, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that transmit signals from one neuron to another.
3. Neurotransmitter binding: The neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to receptors on the second neuron or target effector cell. This triggers a response in the second cell.

Types of Synaptic Transmission

There are two main types of synaptic transmission: electrical and chemical.

Electrical synaptic transmission involves the direct flow of electrical current from one cell to another through gap junctions. This type of transmission is faster than chemical transmission, but it is less common.

Chemical synaptic transmission involves the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, triggering a response.

Role in the Nervous System

Synaptic transmission plays a crucial role in the functioning of the nervous system. It allows for communication between neurons, which is essential for everything from basic bodily functions to complex cognitive processes.

See Also

• Neuron
• Neurotransmitter
• Action potential
• Nervous system

Synaptic transmission Resources
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