TRNA

tRNA or Transfer RNA is a type of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis in all living organisms. It acts as a physical link between the mRNA (messenger RNA) sequence and the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Structure

tRNA is a single-stranded RNA molecule that folds into a characteristic cloverleaf structure. This structure includes an anticodon loop, a D-loop, a T-loop, and an amino acid attachment site.

Function

The primary function of tRNA is to deliver amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid that matches the codon on the mRNA. The anticodon on the tRNA pairs with the codon on the mRNA, ensuring the correct sequence of amino acids in the growing protein chain.

Types of tRNA

There are different types of tRNA for each of the 20 amino acids used in protein synthesis. Each type of tRNA has a unique anticodon that matches the codon for its specific amino acid on the mRNA.

tRNA in Disease

Mutations in tRNA genes can lead to diseases such as Mitochondrial disease and Neurodegenerative disease. These diseases are often caused by defects in tRNA processing or function.

See Also

• mRNA
• rRNA
• Protein synthesis
• Codon
• Anticodon

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