TUBA4B

TUBA4B (Tubulin Alpha 4b) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBA4B gene. This gene is part of a family of alpha-tubulin genes, which are highly conserved across a wide range of eukaryotes. Alpha-tubulins are integral components of microtubules, which are cylindrical structures found in nearly all eukaryotic cells. These structures play critical roles in cell structure, intracellular transport, and mitosis. The TUBA4B protein, like other alpha-tubulins, contributes to the structural integrity of microtubules and has specific functions depending on its expression patterns and modifications.

Function

TUBA4B, as a member of the alpha-tubulin family, is involved in the formation and maintenance of microtubules. Microtubules are essential for a variety of cellular processes, including maintaining cell shape, enabling cellular motility (such as in cilia and flagella), and facilitating cell division. They also play a key role in intracellular transport, serving as tracks for the movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell. The specific function of TUBA4B within these processes may vary, but it is thought to contribute to the structural diversity and functional specificity of microtubules in different cellular contexts.

Clinical Significance

Alterations in the TUBA4B gene have been studied in the context of various diseases, although the full extent of its clinical significance is still under investigation. Mutations or dysregulation of alpha-tubulin genes, including TUBA4B, can affect microtubule stability and function, leading to cellular dysfunction and disease. Research has explored the potential links between TUBA4B and neurological disorders, cancer, and other conditions where microtubule dysfunction plays a role. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the implications of TUBA4B in human health and disease.

Genetic and Molecular Biology

The TUBA4B gene is located on chromosome 2 in humans. It encodes the TUBA4B protein, which, like other alpha-tubulins, binds to beta-tubulin to form tubulin heterodimers. These heterodimers can then polymerize to form the microtubule filament. Post-translational modifications of TUBA4B, such as acetylation and detyrosination, can affect microtubule dynamics and function. The regulation of TUBA4B expression and its post-translational modifications are areas of active research, with implications for understanding cell biology and developing therapeutic strategies.

See Also

• Microtubule
• Cell division
• Intracellular transport
• Neurological disorders
• Cancer

References

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