TXN2

Protein TXN2 PDB 1uvz

TXN2

TXN2 is a gene that encodes a member of the thioredoxin family. Thioredoxins are small proteins that play a crucial role in redox signaling and antioxidant defense mechanisms within cells. The TXN2 gene is located on chromosome 22 in humans.

Function

The protein encoded by TXN2 is a mitochondrial thioredoxin that functions to maintain the redox state of proteins within the mitochondria. It plays a key role in regulating cellular redox balance and protecting cells from oxidative stress.

Structure

TXN2 contains a conserved active site known as the thioredoxin fold, which is essential for its redox activity. The protein structure consists of a central beta-sheet surrounded by alpha-helices, forming a compact globular shape.

Regulation

The expression of TXN2 is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Various factors, including oxidative stress and signaling pathways, can modulate the expression and activity of TXN2 to ensure proper cellular function.

Clinical Significance

Mutations or dysregulation of TXN2 have been associated with various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the role of TXN2 in disease pathogenesis may provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies.

Interactions

TXN2 interacts with a variety of proteins involved in mitochondrial function, redox signaling, and apoptosis. These interactions are essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to environmental stressors.