Tarantism

Tarantism

Illustration of a tarantula, often associated with tarantism.

Tarantism is a cultural phenomenon that was prevalent in Southern Italy, particularly in the region of Apulia, during the 15th to 17th centuries. It was characterized by a hysterical condition believed to be caused by the bite of a tarantula spider. The condition was thought to provoke a state of extreme restlessness and agitation, which could only be cured through a specific type of dance known as the tarantella.

Historical Background

The origins of tarantism are deeply rooted in the folklore and traditions of Southern Italy. The name "tarantism" is derived from the city of Taranto, where the phenomenon was most commonly reported. During the Middle Ages, it was believed that the bite of the tarantula spider would inject a venom that caused symptoms such as sweating, convulsions, and a heightened state of excitement.

Symptoms and Beliefs

Individuals affected by tarantism were said to exhibit a variety of symptoms, including:

• Intense restlessness
• Uncontrollable dancing
• Sweating and convulsions
• Altered mental states

The local population believed that the only effective remedy for these symptoms was to engage in a frenzied dance, accompanied by specific types of music. This dance, known as the tarantella, was thought to expel the venom from the body through physical exertion and perspiration.

The Tarantella

The tarantella dance was believed to cure the effects of tarantism.

The tarantella is a lively and rhythmic dance that became synonymous with the treatment of tarantism. It is characterized by rapid footwork, energetic movements, and a fast tempo. Musicians would play instruments such as the tambourine, guitar, and accordion to accompany the dancers.

The dance was not only a therapeutic ritual but also a social event, drawing large crowds who would gather to watch and participate. The communal aspect of the tarantella helped reinforce the cultural identity and traditions of the region.

Modern Interpretations

In contemporary times, tarantism is often viewed through the lens of psychology and sociology. Some scholars suggest that the phenomenon may have been a form of mass hysteria or a culturally sanctioned expression of psychological distress. Others propose that it served as a social outlet for individuals, particularly women, to express emotions and behaviors that were otherwise repressed in a patriarchal society.

Related Pages

• Tarantula
• Tarantella
• Mass hysteria
• Apulia